The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that the number of deaths from synthetic cannabinoid use tripled between 2014 and 2015. [1], Eicosanoid synthetic cannabinoids are analogs of endocannabinoids, such as anandamide. 1.098,90 € 809,90 € Livraison : 4,90 € voir offre. For example, AKB-48 (also known as APINACA) is also the name of a popular Japanese girl band; 2NE1 (also known as APICA) is also a South Korean girl band; and XLR-11 was named after the first USA-developed liquid fuel rocket for aircraft. The drugmakers avoided all the bans by making slight changes to the drugs. [67] For example, the main metabolites of JWH-018, of which there are over 20, include carboxylated, monohydroxylated, dihydroxylated, and trihydroxylated metabolites, but they are mostly excreted in urine as glucuronide conjugates. Noticias de Sociedad", "Regeringen förbjuder nätdrogen "Spice" from the website of the Government Offices of Sweden", "Teens in Britain getting legally high on synthetic cannabis banned across Europe", "The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2009", "The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2013", "The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2016", "The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2019", "Review of the Psychoactive Substances Act 2016", "Consolidated Index of Drugs and Substances", "Ian Bussières : Le spice: la capitale craque pour les "herbes magiques" | Société", "Une pilule une petite granule : Le Spice, un substitut au cannabis? May 23, 2010. [26] For example, Δ9-THC has an EC50 of 250 nM at CB1 and 1157 nM at CB2, whereas PB-22 has an EC50 of 5.1 nM at CB1 and 37 nM at CB2. [146], The Chilean Ministry of Health on April 24, 2009, declared the sale of synthetic cannabis mimics to be illegal. Recently there has been an increase in the emergence of terminally fluorinated synthetic cannabinoids, such as 5F-PB-22 (fluorinated version of PB-22) and XLR-11 (fluorinated version of UR-144). The sidecut is also conducive to long radius freeride turns. After news of Rozga's death, it was reported by friends that they had smoked K2 with Rozga approximately one hour before his death. [1] They are often labeled "not for human consumption" for liability defense. Här kan du köpa slalomskidor och andra alpinskidor för barn, dam och herr online. [citation needed], The United Arab Emirates had stated that Spice is an illegal substance and possession or intent to sell is a jailable offense. K2's touring range is built with adventure in mind; we put the WayBack 96 - the all-rounder of the range - to the test. vedi i pacchetti con attacchi e pelli. Versand möglich. 3 vom January 21, 2009, 22. [25], In the early 2000s, synthetic cannabinoids began to be used for recreational drug use in an attempt to get similar effects to cannabis. When building touring skis, manufacturers try using material as light as possible. Wayback 96 Topptur, 170, 184, 177, 1430g pr. The range includes a fatter brother, coming in at 106mm underfoot, plus 88mm, 84mm and 80mm versions, all of which sport a fun retro graphic. Top Design... 500 € VB. [17], Use of the term "synthetic marijuana" to describe products containing synthetic cannabinoids is controversial and, according to Lewis Nelson, a medical toxicologist at the NYU School of Medicine, a mistake. The mid-fat dimensions are certainly ideal for ski tourers who like to enjoy the backcountry descents, and the fairly straight sidecut is well designed for stability on steep descents (giving more contact with the snow when weighing up your next jump turn). [121][122][123][124] The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) considered K2 to be a "drug of concern",[125] citing "...a surge in emergency-room visits and calls to poison-control centers. € 599,00 scontato € 449,90. altezze 156-164-172. momentaneamente esauriti. [4], Hybrid cannabinoids have a combination of classical and non-classical cannabinoid structural features. [36], Researchers have pointed out a few ways that synthetic cannabinoids differ from marijuana, and therefore may be more dangerous. Western Australia was the first state in Australia to prohibit the sale of certain synthetic cannabinoids. Most are lipid-soluble, non-polar, small molecules (usually 20-26 carbon atoms) that are fairly volatile, making them "smokable," like THC. [50], There are five major categories for synthetic cannabinoids: classical cannabinoids, non-classical cannabinoids, hybrid cannabinoids, aminoalkylindoles, and eicosanoids. [79], In August 2018, there were almost one hundred overdose cases reported over two days in New Haven, Connecticut from a bad batch of K2. Spice is not specifically prohibited in Canada, but synthetic cannabis mimics are listed as a schedule II drug. The CDC described synthetic cannabinoid overdoses between 2010 and 2015 and of 277 drug overdose patients who reported synthetic cannabinoid as the sole agent, 66.1% reported problems in the central nervous system (e.g., agitation, coma, toxic psychosis), 17% reported cardiovascular problems (e.g., tachycardia, bradycardia), 7.6% reported pulmonary problems (5.4% of which had respiratory depression), and 4% reported acute kidney injury. Caratteristiche : Atomic Backland Woman 98. Synthetic cannabinoids have also been used recreationally because they are inexpensive and are typically not revealed by the standard marijuana drug tests. Huffman's research, people searching for a "marijuana-like-high" would follow his recipes and methods. The WayBack 96 is described as the all-rounder of the family. [147], South Korea officially added JWH-018, CP 47,497 and HU-210 to the controlled substance list on July 1, 2009, effectively making these chemicals illegal. [151], On June 17, 2011, the Western Australian government banned all of the synthetic cannabinoids found in already existing products, including brands such as Kronic, Kalma, Voodoo, Kaos, and Mango Kush. [78] On September 18, 2018, the Wisconsin Department of Health Services confirmed 16 more cases, bringing the total number of people affected by the outbreak in Wisconsin to 80 people since March 2018, including one death in July 2018. № 1186 О внесении изменений в некоторые постановления Правительства Российской Федерации по вопросам, связанным с оборотом наркотических средств", "Po ketamíne by sa mala zakázať bylinná zmes Spice", https://web.archive.org/web/20111002142429/http://www.zbierka.sk/zz/predpisy/default.aspx?PredpisID=209298&FileName=zz2009-00468-0209298&Rocnik=2009&, "Spice, cannabis legal de diseño que se vende como incienso. "[83], The Austrian Ministry of Health announced on December 18, 2008 that Spice would be controlled under Paragraph 78 of their drug law on the grounds that it contains an active substance that affects the functions of the body, and the legality of JWH-018 is under review. CP-xxx, WIN-xxx, JWH-xxx, UR-xxx, and PB-xx) classified based on the base structure. [68][69][70] There are commercially available EMIT kits for the screening of the synthetic cannabinoids JWH-018, JWH-073, JWH-398, JWH-200, JWH-019, JWH-122, JWH-081, JWH-250, JWH-203, CP-47,497, CP-47,497-C8, HU-210, HU-211, AM-2201, AM-694, RCS-4, and RCS-8 through companies like NMS Labs, Cayman Chemical, and Immunoanalysis Corporation. [3] They have been marketed as herbal incense, or "herbal smoking blends",[2] and sold under common names like K2, Spice,[4] and Synthetic Marijuana. 339/2005 privind regimul juridic al plantelor, substantelor si preparatelor stupefiante si psihotrope. [143] On June 8, 2010, the US Air Force issued a memorandum that banned the possession and use of Spice, or any other mood-altering substance except alcohol or tobacco, among its service members. May 23, 2010. 07.02.2021. The AGM-114 Hellfire (AGM stands for air-to-ground missile) is an air-to-surface missile (ASM) first developed for anti-armor use, but later models were developed for precision drone strikes against other target types, and have been used in a number of actions aimed to "destroy high-value targets." For a brand known for fun and freeride, the WayBack range from K2 is surprisingly weight-conscious. [138] Indiana banned synthetic cannabinoids in a law which became effective in March 2012. Adverse health effects associated with its use include seizures, hallucinations, paranoid behavior, agitation, anxiety, nausea, vomiting, racing heartbeat, and elevated blood pressure. [53] Most clandestine manufacturers and producers only make small changes to the structure of a synthetic cannabinoid, such as changing an indole to indazole structure (AM-2201 to THJ-2201) or terminal fluorine replacement;[3] however, one group that was unprecedented when discovered by forensic scientists in 2013, was the quinolinyl ester synthetic cannabinoids. Now many synthetic cannabinoids are assigned names derived from their four main structural components, core, tail, linker, and linked group, where the name is formatted as LinkedGroup-TailCoreLinker. [11] Severe illnesses and death have resulted from this contamination. 6/2010", "О запрещении реализации продукции с содержанием шалфея предсказателей, гавайской розы и голубого лотоса", "Постановление от 31 декабря 2009 г. They are designer drugs, commonly sprayed onto plant matter[1] and are usually smoked,[2] although they have also been ingested as a concentrated liquid form in the US and UK since 2016. [53] HU-210 is a chiral compound first synthesized by Raphael Mechoulam at Hebrew University in the 1980s. Oftentimes, none of the listed ingredients have been detectable. [155][156] The introduction of this law makes NSW the first state in Australia to completely ban substances with psychoactive properties. [48] Individuals with risk factors for psychotic disorders are often counseled against using synthetic cannabinoids. [145] There are important regional differences, with large declines in the Western and Southern US, and increases in the Northeast and Midwest. Other non-cannabinoid ingredients that have been found in synthetic cannabinoid blends include harmine and harmaline, reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors, which have been found with myristicin and asarone;[12] substituted cathinone derived stimulant drugs such as 4-methylbuphedrone and 4'-methyl-alpha-PPP; and psychedelic tryptamine derivatives such as 4-OH-DET.[15][16]. [107], The UK controls synthetic cannabinoids by analog under the Misuse of Drugs Act, 1971 as Class B drugs. www.approach-outdoor.com Les plus Grandes marques / Toutes les pièces détachées / Bootfiting / Service Web et Magasins Chaussures et sac à dos à petits prix www.achat-ski.com Lafuma, Salomon, Mizuno, Adidas, Hoka… Promotions et Nouvelles Collections : Livraison 24/48h offerte dès 80€ / Paiement Sécurisé It was discovered in herbal incense products by the U.S. Customs and Border Protection in January 2009; however, classical cannabinoids are not often seen in synthetic cannabinoid blends for recreational use, likely because they are difficult to synthesize. [51], Although most synthetic cannabinoids are not direct analogs of THC, they share many common features with THC. Coming in at 1397 grams in the 177cm length, the WayBack 96 is lighter than some models from the lycra-targeting brands. The Department of Public Health released that they believe "5F-ADB was the primary cause of the cluster of patients with these adverse drug reactions. Classical cannabinoids are analogs of THC that are based on a dibenzopyran ring. [31] Some may also work on serotonin, either indirectly by inhibiting MAO[38] and increasing 5-HT1A receptor expression,[39] or by directly binding to serotonin receptors, including the 5-HT1A and 5-HT3[31] subtypes; some researchers speculate that this activity may be because the indole moiety that some synthetic cannabinoids possess is similar to the structure of serotonin. [2] From 2008 to 2014, 142 synthetic cannabinoids were reported to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). For example, HU-210 is the (–) enantiomer of 11-OH-Δ 8-THC-DMH and a full agonist of the CB 1 receptor; the (+) enantiomer of 11-OH-D 8-THC-DMH, known as HU-211, is a NMDA receptor antagonist and is largely inactive as … It was passed by the United States Congress in June 2011. [54] The presence of synthetic cannabinoids or their metabolites in bodily fluids may be determined using specifically-targeted commercially available immunoassay screening methods (EMIT), while liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry is most often used for confirmation and quantitation. Many of the synthetic cannabinoids are full agonists of the cannabinoids receptors, CB1 and CB2, compared to THC, which is only a partial agonist. Synthetic cannabinoids are a class of molecules that bind to the same receptors to which cannabinoids (THC and CBD) in cannabis plants attach. [101], Spice is legal in Slovakia. Because synthetic cannabinoid molecular structures differ from THC and other illegal cannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids were not technically illegal. [132] Illinois passed a law on July 27, 2010 banning all synthetic cannabinoids as of January 1, 2011. [139] North Carolina banned synthetic cannabis mimics by a unanimous vote of the state senate, due to concerns that its contents and effects are reasonably similar to cannabis, and may cause equal effects in terms of psychological dependency. BtMÄndV vom 19. [72], On July 12, 2016, 33 people were intoxicated by an herbal "incense" product called "AK-47 24 Karat Gold,"[73] and dozens overdosed, in Brooklyn. [62][63] Although most synthetic cannabinoids are analogs of THC, they are structurally different enough that, for example, the specific antibodies in the EMIT for marijuana do not bind to them. [8] There have been several deaths linked to synthetic cannabinoids. "Statement from FDA warning about significant health risks of contaminated illegal synthetic cannabinoid products that are being encountered by FDA", "Beyond THC: The New Generation of Cannabinoid Designer Drugs", "Life-Threatening Bleeding and Deaths from Synthetic Cannabinoids", "Synthetic cannabinoids in Europe | www.emcdda.europa.eu", "Synthetic Cannabinoids: The Newest, Almost Illicit Drug of Abuse", "5F-cumyl-PINACA in 'e-liquids' for electronic cigarettes – A new type of synthetic cannabinoid in a trendy product", "Cannabinoid pharmacology: the first 66 years", "Notes from the Field: Increase in Reported Adverse Health Effects Related to Synthetic Cannabinoid Use - United States, January-May 2015", "Emergence of new classes of recreational drugs-synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones", "Ischemic stroke after use of the synthetic marijuana "spice, "Synthetic Marijuana Deaths Tripled This Year", "Huge jump in synthetic cannabis deaths - coroner", "Post-Mortem Toxicology: A Systematic Review of Death Cases Involving Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists", "Distinct pharmacology and metabolism of K2 synthetic cannabinoids compared to Δ(9)-THC: mechanism underlying greater toxicity? Produit en stock Expédition sous 1 jour. June 17, 2010. [12], Because they activate the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, many of the effects of synthetic cannabinoids are similar to those of THC. Jan 2009, S. 49–50", "Betäubungsmittelrecht: Modedroge Spice wird per Eilverordnung verboten", "Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetz (NpSG) tritt in Kraft", "Arrêté du 24 février 2009 modifiant l'arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants", "Move on head shops 'not enough' – The Irish Times — Wed, Mar 3, 2010", "Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem", "Saeima steidzami nosaka kriminālatbildību par spaisa paveidu tirgošanas aizlieguma pārkāpumu", "Senat poparł ustawę zakazującą handlu "dopalaczami" – Wiadomości — WP.PL", "Oficjalna strona Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej", "OUG 6/2010 pentru modificarea si completarea Legii nr. CNBC. NOTE! The Rustler 10 has served as Blizzard’s mid-fat, playful all-mountain ski for the past two seasons, and they’re tweaking it for 19/20 (the Rustler 9, Rustler 11, and women’s Sheeva skis return unchanged, apart from graphics). [37] Secondly, they may have other actions in the body, in addition to activating cannabinoid receptors. Glass … [66] Little to no parent drug is present in urine, so there is a lot of research to try and identify the major urinary metabolites that could be used as markers of synthetic cannabinoid intake. How major issues fared in Kansas Legislature. 10. [133] An emergency order was passed in Arkansas in July 2010 banning the sale of synthetic cannabis mimics. 5F-derivations (terminal fluorination) of the synthetic cannabinoids have been found to be about 2-5 times more potent at CB1 receptors than their un-fluorinated counterparts,[4] as shown in table two. South Korea's National Forensic Service reported that 90% of all seized synthetic cannabinoids in 2013 were fluorinated, compared to no fluorinated synthetic cannabinoids reported in 2010. Aminoalkylindoles are considered to be the most common synthetic cannabinoids found in synthetic cannabinoid blends, likely due to the fact that these molecules are easier to synthesize than classical and non-classical cannabinoids. How harmful is K2/Spice (synthetic marijuana or synthetic cannabinoids)? (February 13, 2011 and the Official Gazette No. [2], Most synthetic cannabinoids are agonists of the cannabinoid receptors. Nelson claims that relative to marijuana, products containing synthetic cannabinoids "are really quite different, and the effects are much more unpredictable. [65], On October 20, 2011, the Louisiana State University football program announced that it had suspended three players, including star cornerback Tyrann Mathieu, who tested positive for synthetic cannabinoids. 27845). On April 3, 2014, parliament made selling of the temporarily banned substances a criminal offense. [93], JWH-018 and many of the herbs mentioned on the ingredient lists of Spice and similar preparations were made illegal in May 2009. [10][34][35] The most common mechanisms leading to death following synthetic cannabinoid use include behavioral risks, such as self-harm and suicide, falling from a height, and wandering into traffic; cardiovascular effects; and central nervous system depression.
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